AUTHOR=Akhmetzyanova Elvira , Kletenkov Konstantin , Mukhamedshina Yana , Rizvanov Albert TITLE=Different Approaches to Modulation of Microglia Phenotypes After Spinal Cord Injury JOURNAL=Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience VOLUME=13 YEAR=2019 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00037 DOI=10.3389/fnsys.2019.00037 ISSN=1662-5137 ABSTRACT=

Microglial cells, which are highly plastic, immediately respond to any change in the microenvironment by becoming activated and shifting the phenotype toward neurotoxicity or neuroprotection. The polarization of microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury (SCI) seems to be a dynamic process and can change depending on the microenvironment, stage, course, and severity of the posttraumatic process. Effective methods to modulate microglia toward a neuroprotective phenotype in order to stimulate neuroregeneration are actively sought for. In this context, available approaches that can selectively impact the polarization of microglia/macrophages regulate synthesis of trophic factors and cytokines/chemokines in them, and their phagocytic function and effects on the course and outcome of SCI are discussed in this review.