AUTHOR=Xu Weiwei , Zhou Wei , Sun Jinfeng , Chen Weiwei , Wu Xuanye , Guan Tong , Zhao Yilin , Yang Pengcheng , Hu Zhengyu , Li Gao 

TITLE=Isolation, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from the stems of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1500278

DOI=10.3389/fsufs.2024.1500278

ISSN=2571-581X

ABSTRACT=<p>The purpose of this study was to obtain polysaccharides from <italic>Panax ginseng</italic> C. A. Meyer stems (PGSPs), agro-byproducts with development potential, and fully explore the potential value in <italic>P. ginseng</italic> stems. Two novel polysaccharides firstly from <italic>P. ginseng</italic> stems (PGSP-1 and PGSP-2) were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method and column chromatography, and then characterized by FT-IR, HPGPC, HPLC, SEM, TGA, GC–MS and NMR. The results demonstrated that PGSP-1 (Mw = 723.83 kDa) and PGSP-2 (Mw = 620.48 kDa) were characterized →4)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Gal<italic>p</italic>-(1→, →6)-<italic>α</italic>-D-Glc<italic>p</italic>-(1 → and →2)-<italic>α</italic>-L-Rha<italic>p</italic>-(1 → as the skeleton, →4,6)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Gal<italic>p</italic>-(1 → and →2,6)-<italic>α</italic>-D-Man<italic>p</italic>-(1 → as the cross junction, <italic>α</italic>-L-Araf-(1 → as the terminal unit, and PGSP-1 still contained →4)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Gal<italic>p</italic>, while PGSP-2 contained →4)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Xyl<italic>p</italic>-(1→, →3)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Glc<italic>p</italic>A-(1→, →4)-<italic>β</italic>-D-Gal<italic>p</italic>A-(1 →) and <italic>α</italic>-D-Glc<italic>p</italic>-(1→, with different microstructures and thermal stability. And the results of hypoglycemic activity revealed that both PGSP-1 and PGSP-2 showed excellent inhibitory activity against <italic>α</italic>-glucosidase and <italic>α</italic>-amylase, in which PGSP-2 had the better performance. The inhibition kinetics result showed that PGSPs on <italic>α</italic>-glucosidase and <italic>α</italic>-amylase were non-competitive type and mixed type inhibition. This study provided a theoretical basis for making full use of and exploiting the economic value of agro-byproducts such as <italic>P. ginseng</italic> stems and offered a theoretical reference for the effective utilization of PGSP as a functional component to prevent and reduce T2DM.</p>