AUTHOR=Inga Marianela , Betalleluz-Pallardel Indira , Puma-Isuiza Gustavo , Cumpa-Arias Leslie , Osorio Coralia , Valdez-Arana Jenny-Del-Carmen , Vargas-De-La-Cruz Celia 

TITLE=Chemical analysis and bioactive compounds from agrifood by-products of peruvian crops

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1341895

DOI=10.3389/fsufs.2024.1341895

ISSN=2571-581X

ABSTRACT=<p>Many countries face the problem of agroindustrial waste elimination, which is linked to environmental damage caused by improper waste management. These wastes contain bioactive compounds often discarded due to a lack of knowledge. The objective of this study was to analyze five types of agroindustrial waste from Peru, including avocado (<italic>Persea americana</italic>) seeds, lucuma (<italic>Pouteria lucuma</italic>) seeds, grape (<italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>) pomace, mango (<italic>Mangifera indica</italic>) peel, and cocoa (<italic>Theobroma cacao</italic>) pods. This study includes proximal analysis, determination of total phenolic compound content, analysis of phenolic compounds by UHPLC– Q/Orbitrap/ESIMS/MS (Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry), and the evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of different samples. The results showed that lucuma seeds had the highest protein content of 6.59 g/100 g DW. Mango peels showed the highest fat content of 4.89 g/100 g DW, cocoa pods had the highest crude fiber content of 26.91 g/100 g DW, and cocoa pods exhibited the highest ash content of 7.14 g/100 g DW. The highest carbohydrate content was found in avocado seeds at 85.85 g/100 g DW. Mango peels (56.66 mg GAE/g DW), avocado seeds (56.35 mg GAE/g DW), and cocoa pods (51.52 mg GAE/g DW) extracts showed the highest phenolic compound contents. Mango peel extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities evaluated by the ABTS (995.01 μmol TEAC/g DW), DPPH (953.54 μmol TEAC/g DW), and FRAP (1661.13 μmol TEAC/g DW) assays. Extracts from cocoa pods, grape pomace, and lucuma seeds showed inhibitory activity on the growth of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. In contrast, the extract of lucuma seeds was the only one that showed antifungal activity over <italic>Penicillium digitatum</italic>. As a result, several phenolic compounds were detected in each, indicating their potential use in developing functional foods and food preservation, among other applications.</p>