AUTHOR=Goodwyn Brian , Millner Patricia , Punchihewage-Don Anuradha Jeewantha , Schwarz Melinda , Hashem Fawzy , Bowers John , Biswas Debabrata , Parveen Salina TITLE=Survival and persistence of foodborne pathogenic and indicator bacteria in spatially separated integrated crop-livestock farms JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems VOLUME=7 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1287371 DOI=10.3389/fsufs.2023.1287371 ISSN=2571-581X ABSTRACT=
Certified organic production prohibits chemical fertilizer use but permits the application of biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs) to croplands for fertilizing soil. For fresh produce likely to be consumed uncooked, the United States Department of Agriculture National Organic Program (USDA-NOP) stipulates a 90-day withholding period between BSAAO application and crop harvest for produce not in direct contact with soil to reduce concerns about potential pathogen contamination from BSAAOs. For fresh produce crops in direct contact with soil this withholding period is 120-days. In this study, survival and pathogenesis of three foodborne pathogens and indicator bacteria in BSAAO-amended soils were analyzed with their potential to transfer to produce harvested from three organic, integrated crop-livestock farms (ICLFs) on the Maryland Eastern Shore. In total, 428 manure/compost, soil, untreated produce, and water samples were collected before/after BSAAO incorporation and monthly for 180-days. Samples were assessed for the presence of