AUTHOR=Salirrosas David , Reategui-Pinedo Nataly , Crespo Jan Pier , Sánchez-Tuesta Linda , Arqueros Mónica , Cabrera Angelita , Martinez Renata Miliani , Ayala Carmen , Baby André Rolim , Prieto Zulita Adriana 

TITLE=Safety Profile of Caesalpinia spinosa Aqueous Extract Tested in Oreochromis niloticus Toward Its Application in Dermocosmetics

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sustainability

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/articles/10.3389/frsus.2021.696289

DOI=10.3389/frsus.2021.696289

ISSN=2673-4524

ABSTRACT=<p>Herbal extracts have been widely used in dermocosmetics as a source of biomolecules and also as a natural claim. Fruits from <italic>Caesalpinia spinosa</italic> show great potential for their polyphenolic content, preservative, and film-forming features, as previously reported in specialized literature; however, the toxicity requires investigation. We explored <italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic> (tilapia) in larval, alevins, and juvenile stages to evaluate the <italic>ex vivo</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> genotoxicity and <italic>in vivo</italic> acute and chronic toxicity of <italic>C. spinosa</italic> aqueous extract in different concentrations. Cytotoxicity, animal behavior, morphological deformities, and DNA damage were evaluated. Our results showed genotoxic effect in <italic>ex vivo</italic> tests, but no DNA damage in <italic>in vivo</italic> erythrocytes. We suggest a mechanism of cell permeability involved in the toxicity of <italic>C. spinosa</italic> aqueous extract. Internal validation showed the feasibility of <italic>O. niloticus</italic> applied for toxicity evaluation. Further studies could contribute for better understanding the uses and safety of <italic>C. spinosa</italic> in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical products.</p>