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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Surg.
Sec. Colorectal and Proctological Surgery
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1437124

Identifying Risk and Prognostic Factors for Synchronous Liver Metastasis in Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: A Predictive Analysis using the SEER Database

Provisionally accepted
Duogang Xu Duogang Xu 1,2Yulei He Yulei He 3Changkang Liao Changkang Liao 1,2Jing Tan Jing Tan 1,2*
  • 1 Yan'an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
  • 3 The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with an increasing incidence and a high propensity for liver metastasis (LM). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for synchronous LM and prognostic factors in patients with LM. Methods: Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, this study analyzed data from 2,064 patients diagnosed with SBA between 2010 and 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for synchronous LM. A nomogram was developed to predict the risk of LM in SBA patients, and its predictive performance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate survival outcomes for SBA patients with LM. Results: Synchronous LM was present in 13.4% of SBA patients (n = 276). Six independent predictive factors for LM were identified, including tumor location, T stage, N stage, surgical intervention, retrieval of regional lymph nodes (RORLN), and chemotherapy. The nomogram demonstrated good discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 83.8 2%. Patients with LM had significantly lower survival rates than those without LM (P < 0.001). Survival analysis revealed that advanced age, tumor location in the duodenum, surgery, RORLN and chemotherapy were associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with LM originating from SBA. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant impact of LM on the survival of SBA patients and identifies key risk factors for its occurrence. The developed nomogram aids in targeted screening and personalized treatment planning.

    Keywords: Small bowel adenocarcinoma, liver metastasis, surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, predictive nomogram, Cancer-specific survival

    Received: 23 May 2024; Accepted: 19 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Xu, He, Liao and Tan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Jing Tan, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.