AUTHOR=Chen Guo Xin , Chen Chu Wen , Wen Xiao Rong , Huang Bin 

TITLE=Intravascular Fasciitis of the Jugular Vein Mimicking Thrombosis and Sarcoma: A Case Report

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Surgery

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.715249

DOI=10.3389/fsurg.2021.715249

ISSN=2296-875X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Intravascular fasciitis is a rare disease that is a reactive proliferative lesion of myofibroblasts. There are rare reports that intravascular fasciitis has invaded the jugular vein as seen in this case.</p><p><bold>Case Presentation:</bold> A 41-year-old female presented with right neck dull pain for 20 days. The appearance of the subcutaneous mass was oval, pink hyaline, well-demarcated, and measuring ~5 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the mass was composed of spindle cells arranged in intersecting fascicles. Immunohistochemical stains showed that the spindle cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for S-100, Desmin, MyoD1, and elastin stains. The nuclei of the spindle cells were relatively uniform, and mitotic activity was observed. The overall morphological and immunohistochemical features are consistent with intravascular fasciitis.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Due to the rapid growth and vascular invasion, intravascular fasciitis created a high risk of misdiagnosing it as a sarcoma or thrombosis. Reporting this uncommon case, we raise awareness of this non-neoplastic lesion, and careful, light microscopic examination combined with immunohistochemical staining aids in the diagnosis of intravascular fasciitis.</p>