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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Sports Act. Living
Sec. Exercise Physiology
Volume 6 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1522214
This article is part of the Research Topic Physiological Aspects of Marathon Running View all articles

Hata-Yanagiya Physical Activity Calculation System: A Novel Global Positioning System-Based Method for Accurate Estimation of Oxygen Consumption During Walking and Running

Provisionally accepted
Keiichiro Hata Keiichiro Hata 1Toshio Yanagiya Toshio Yanagiya 1,2Hiroaki Noro Hiroaki Noro 3Yoshio Suzuki Yoshio Suzuki 1*
  • 1 Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
  • 2 Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
  • 3 Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Marathon running has become increasingly popular among amateur athletes, many of whom maintain speeds of 8-9 km/h. However, existing methods for estimating oxygen consumption (VO2) during running and walking-such as the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equations and commercial activity monitors-often lack accuracy and transparency. This study introduces the Hata-Yanagiya Physical Activity Calculation (HYPAC) system, a novel approach for estimating VO2 using Global Positioning System (GPS) and map data.The HYPAC system was developed through regression equations based on metabolic equivalents (METs) and slope data. To validate the system, 10 university students (5 runners, 5 nonrunners) completed a 5-km course while equipped with a GPS device and a portable metabolic measurement system. VO2 estimates from HYPAC were compared with measured values and those calculated using ACSM equations.The HYPAC system demonstrated high accuracy in estimating VO2, with a relative error of -0.03 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.14, 0.08) compared to measured values. For the running group, HYPAC achieved the lowest absolute mean relative error (0.02). In the mixed running/walking group, HYPAC maintained strong performance with a relative error of -0.07 (95% CI: -0.26, 0.12).The HYPAC system provides a transparent and accurate method for estimating VO2 during walking and running, outperforming existing methods under varied conditions. Its open-source framework encourages further validation and improvement by researchers and practitioners. Future studies should address limitations such as sample size and population diversity to enhance the system's applicability.

    Keywords: HYPAC system, Oxygen Consumption, GPS, Energy Expenditure, Marathon, Metabolic equivalents, MetS, physical activity

    Received: 04 Nov 2024; Accepted: 20 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Hata, Yanagiya, Noro and Suzuki. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Yoshio Suzuki, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, 270-1695, Chiba, Japan

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.