AUTHOR=von Lindern Aaron D. , Fairbrother Jeffrey T. TITLE=Reduction of Feedback Availability Limits Self-Control Effects JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sports and Active Living VOLUME=4 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2022.816571 DOI=10.3389/fspor.2022.816571 ISSN=2624-9367 ABSTRACT=
A growing body of research has demonstrated that providing learners with self-control over aspects of the learning environment facilitates the learning of a motor skill. In applied group settings, however, the provision of feedback is at times constrained by factors such as instructor availability. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to examine how learners ostensibly provided self-control over feedback responded when the actual availability of feedback was constrained by a predetermined schedule of a virtual coach's availability to provide feedback. Participants were divided into four feedback groups and completed 72 practice trials of a sequential key-pressing task, with three different goal movement times (900, 1,200, 1,500 ms). The KR100 group received knowledge of results (KR) after every practice trial. The KR50 group received KR on an evenly distributed quasi-randomly determined schedule after 50% of the trials. The SC group had the opportunity to request KR after every trial, but KR was only available for 50% of practice trials according to the same schedule used for the KR50 group. The YK (i.e., yoked) group received KR according to the schedule of KR received by counterparts in the SC group. Approximately 24 h after acquisition, each participant returned to complete retention and transfer tests. The retention test consisted of 15 no-KR trials of the acquisition tasks (five trials for each goal time−900, 1,200, 1,500 ms). The transfer test consisted of 15 no-KR trials with new time goals (1,300, 1,600, 1,900 ms). Results revealed a significantly lower absolute constant error (ACE) score for the SC group during transfer (