AUTHOR=Kumar Robert I. , Forman Garrick N. , Forman Davis A. , Mugnosso Maddalena , Zenzeri Jacopo , Button Duane C. , Holmes Michael W. R. TITLE=Dynamic Wrist Flexion and Extension Fatigue Induced via Submaximal Contractions Similarly Impairs Hand Tracking Accuracy in Young Adult Males and Females JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sports and Active Living VOLUME=2 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2020.574650 DOI=10.3389/fspor.2020.574650 ISSN=2624-9367 ABSTRACT=

We evaluated the effects of muscle fatigue on hand-tracking performance in young adults. Differences were quantified between wrist flexion and extension fatigability, and between males and females. Participants were evaluated on their ability to trace a pattern using a 3-degrees-of-freedom robotic manipulandum before (baseline) and after (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mins) a submaximal-intensity fatigue protocol performed to exhaustion that isolated the wrist flexors or extensors on separate days. Tracking tasks were performed at all time points, while maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were performed at baseline, and 2, 6-, and 10-mins post-task termination. We evaluated movement smoothness (jerk ratio, JR), shape reproduction (figural error, FE), and target tracking accuracy (tracking error, TE). MVC force was significantly lower in females (p < 0.05), lower than baseline for all timepoints after task termination (p < 0.05), with no muscle group-dependent differences. JR did not return to baseline until 10-mins post-task termination (most affected), while FE returned at 4-mins post-task termination, and TE at 1-min post-task termination. Males tracked the target with significantly lower JR (p < 0.05), less TE (p < 0.05), and less FE (p < 0.05) than females. No muscle group-dependent changes in hand-tracking performance were observed. Based on this work, hand tracking accuracy is similarly impaired following repetitive submaximal dynamic wrist flexion or extension. The differences between male and female fatigability was independent of the changes in our tracking metrics.