Sarah E. Field Richards ^1* Louise Bramley ² Jemima Collins ¹ Alison Cowley ² Rowan Harwood ¹

• ¹ University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
• ² Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Globally, there are 55-million people living with dementia (PLWD).PLWD have an uncertain prognosis.Most are approaching the end-of-life but are not overtly or immediately dying.Contemporary approaches to dementia care therefore promote the need to live and die well with dementia.Pain is highly prevalent but difficult to manage in PLWD.Originating in palliative-care, 'total pain' conceives of pain holistically, incorporating biological, psychological, social and spiritual elements.Pain management in dementia care tends to be pharmacologically-focused.Total pain therefore offers an alternative approach-one consistent with person-centred philosophy underpinning contemporary dementia care.Due to important differences, concepts cannot simply be extrapolated from cancer-related to dementia-related palliative care however. Dementia-specific approaches are needed and require exploration.The objective of this paper is to explore the meaning of total pain in the context of living and dying with dementia, and its utility and implications for person-centred dementia care.Using a palliative-care framework and existing literature, we critically consider the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual impact of dementia, to explore how total pain might manifest and be experienced in this context.We highlight the complexity, nuance and socially contingent nature of the impact of living and dying with dementia.We challenge binary understandings of 'continuity-or-loss' (e.g. of identity, relationships), and totalising 'loss' discourses, demonstrating that more subtle, varied and hopeful outcomes are possible.The way that the impact of dementia is articulated and understood has implications for the experience and management of total pain.The deficit-orientation of 'total pain' paradoxically risks its perpetuation.A balanced understanding of dementia's impact (acknowledging both continuity-and-loss, alternatives and socially constructed aspects), better reflects the realities of dementia, and creates new possibilities for supportive care practices to improve pain management and quality of life.Applied to dementia care, 'total pain' should be located within a critical context, emphasising complexity, contingency and nuance.The holistic-focus of 'total pain' should be extended to incorporate balanced consideration of 'painful' and 'functional' experience.We introduce a balanced model of total pain incorporating a dual focus on 'pain' and 'personhood' within a critical context, to facilitate translation to practice.There is a need to develop evidence-based supportive interventions in each domain of total pain, to support a balanced approach to total pain management in dementia care.