AUTHOR=Kingsbury Marina A. 

TITLE=Expanding Understanding of Motherhood Penalty: How Gaps in Family Policies Contribute to Gaps in Old-Age Earnings in Russia

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Sociology

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2019.00067

DOI=10.3389/fsoc.2019.00067

ISSN=2297-7775

ABSTRACT=<p>This study identifies policy shortcomings in the structure of Russian family policies and old-age pension calculations and shows how gaps in coverage contribute to the motherhood penalty in Russia. I first show that shortages in access to affordable childcare contribute to mothers' involuntary labor market inactivity leading to loss in earnings. I then discuss how childcare breaks are treated in terms of pensionable experience and present simulation of pension outcomes to show the negative impact of long childcare breaks on mothers' pensions.</p>