AUTHOR=Henze Bonny-Lycen , Buhl Sarah , Kolbe Elisa , Asbrock Frank TITLE=Should we all be feminists? Development of the Liberal Feminist Attitudes Scale JOURNAL=Frontiers in Social Psychology VOLUME=2 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/social-psychology/articles/10.3389/frsps.2024.1329067 DOI=10.3389/frsps.2024.1329067 ISSN=2813-7876 ABSTRACT=Introduction

The current social zeitgeist is characterized different feminist tendencies, some of which are embedded in a neoliberal logic. Although the impact of modern mainstream feminism on the individual and society is a subject of critical scholarly debate, there is a lack of suitable instruments to measure the complexity of modern feminist attitudes.

Methods

In three studies, we developed a scale assessing liberal feminist attitudes and tested its factor structure and validity. In Study 1, we generated an item pool capturing liberal feminist attitudes and presented it to a sample of N = 473 with scales for Ambivalent Sexism (hostile and benevolent), Social Dominance Orientation, System Justification, Neoliberal Beliefs, and the self-labeling as a feminist. In Studies 2 (N = 310) and 3 (N = 214) we aimed at replicating the factor structure of the LFAS from Study 1 and confirmed the construct and criterion validity with measurements of the constructs Self-Identification as a Feminist, Personal Progress, Conformity to Feminine Norms and a concrete behavioral measure that captured the willingness to receive information about feminism in the future.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) yielded a 4-factor structure with 17 items-the Liberal Feminist Attitudes Scale (LFAS). In Studies 2 and 3, this 4-factorial model showed excellent model fit, internal consistency and convergent as well as discriminant and criterion validity, at least within a particular demographic (i.e., German students).

Discussion

The LFAS holds the potential to provide psychologists with a tool to examine and analyse liberal feminist attitudes comprehensively.