AUTHOR=Allouche Mohamed , Mitrea Mihai 

TITLE=Video fingerprinting: Past, present, and future

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Signal Processing

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/signal-processing/articles/10.3389/frsip.2022.984169

DOI=10.3389/frsip.2022.984169

ISSN=2673-8198

ABSTRACT=<p>The last decades have seen video production and consumption rise significantly: TV/cinematography, social networking, digital marketing, and video surveillance incrementally and cumulatively turned video content into the predilection type of data to be exchanged, stored, and processed. Belonging to video processing realm, <italic>video fingerprinting</italic> (also referred to as <italic>content-based copy detection</italic> or <italic>near duplicate detection</italic>) regroups research efforts devoted to identifying duplicated and/or replicated versions of a given video sequence (query) in a reference video dataset. The present paper reports on a state-of-the-art study on the past and present of video fingerprinting, while attempting to identify trends for its development. First, the conceptual basis and evaluation frameworks are set. This way, the methodological approaches (situated at the cross-roads of image processing, machine learning, and neural networks) can be structured and discussed. Finally, fingerprinting is confronted to the challenges raised by the emerging video applications (<italic>e.g.</italic>, unmanned vehicles or fake news) and to the constraints they set in terms of content traceability and computational complexity. The relationship with other technologies for content tracking (<italic>e.g.,</italic> DLT - Distributed Ledger Technologies) are also presented and discussed.</p>