AUTHOR=Yang Mengxue , An Zhicheng , Lin Zechen , Wang Yuhang , Pang Tongtao , Du Fuxin 

TITLE=Stiffness evaluation of continuum robots based on the energy method and castigliano’s second theorem

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Robotics and AI

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1523619

DOI=10.3389/frobt.2025.1523619

ISSN=2296-9144