Operators and Their Human-Robot Interdependencies: The Implications of Distinct Job Decision Latitudes for Sustainable Work and High Performance

Milan Wolffgramm ^1,2,3* Stephan Corporaal ^1,3 Aard Groen ²

• ¹ Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands
• ² University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
• ³ Other, Enschede, Netherlands

The collaborative robot (cobot) has the potential to lift barriers for individual operators to decide on the deployment of robotics in their work. Ideally, using its opportunities to (re)design work (i.e., job decision latitudes), the operator establishes synergetic human-cobot interdependencies that enable the human-cobot production unit to achieve superior performance and more sustainable work perceptions than manual production units. However, it is scientifically unclear whether the operator is willing to and capable of using cobot-related job decision latitudes, what this means for designing human-cobot interdependencies, and if these designs improve unit outcomes. Therefore, we built a manual and three human-cobot production units with distinct job decision latitudes. Forty students participated in the manual production unit and operated one of the human-cobot production units during an assembly simulation. Sophistically accounting for individual differences, the results illustrated that most operators used speed-and task-related job decision latitudes to design their human-cobot interdependencies. These behaviours often led to more productivity and motivating working conditions. At the same time, these human-cobot interdependencies frequently came with limited human-robot interaction, poor production reliability and more psychological safety risks. This contribution lays a rich foundation for future research on involving individual operators in developing modern production systems.