Patricia Schwarz ^1* Sandra Hellmers ¹ Sebastian Spanknebel ² Rene Hurlemann ² Andreas Hein ¹

• ¹ Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department for Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
• ² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Simulation-based learning is an integral part of hands-on learning and is often done through role-playing games or patients simulated by professional actors. In this article, we present the use of a humanoid robot as a simulation patient in medical education. The simulation model is presented, as well as the results of a study we carried out to investigate the use of the humanoid robot patient for the presentation of disease symptoms in the setting of medical education. In a study, 12 participants watched both the patient simulation by the robotic patient and the video with the actor patient. We asked participants about their subjective impressions of the robotic patient simulation compared to the video with the human actor patient using a self-developed questionnaire. In addition, we used the Affinity for Technology Interaction Scale. The evaluation of the questionnaire provided insights into , among other things, whether the robot was able to realistically represent the patient from the participants' point of view, which features still need to be improved, and whether the robot patient simulation by the humanoid robot was accepted by the participants as a learning method. Sixty-seven percent of the participants indicated that they would use the robot as a training opportunity in addition to the videos with acting patients. The majority of participants indicated that they found it very beneficial to have the robot repeat the case studies at their own pace.