The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Assisted Reproduction: A Comprehensive Review

Pragati Kakkar ¹ Shruti Gupta ¹ Kasmiria Ioanna Paschopoulou ² Ilias Paschopoulos ³ Ioannis Paschopoulos ⁴ Vassiliki Siafaka ² Orestis Tsonis ^1*

• ¹ Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, London, United Kingdom
• ² University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
• ³ National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
• ⁴ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, with its integration into assisted reproduction technologies representing a notable milestone. The utilization of AI in assisted reproduction is rooted in the persistent challenge of optimizing outcomes. Despite years of progress, success rates in assisted reproductive techniques remain a concern. The current landscape of AI applications demonstrates significant potential to revolutionize various facets of assisted reproduction, including stimulation protocol optimization, embryo formation prediction, oocyte and sperm selection, and live birth prediction from embryos. AI's capacity for precise image-based analysis, leveraging convolutional neural networks, stands out as a promising avenue. Personalized treatment plans and enhanced diagnostic accuracy are central themes explored in this review. AI-driven healthcare products demonstrate the potential for real-time, adaptive health programs, fostering improved communication between patients and healthcare teams. Continuous learning systems to address challenges associated with biased training data and the time required for accurate decision-making capabilities to develop is imperative. Challenges and ethical considerations in AI-assisted conception as evident when taking into consideration issues such as the lack of legislation regulating AI in healthcare, a fact that emphasizes the need for transparency and equity in the development and implementation of AI technologies. The regulatory framework, both in the UK and globally, is making efforts to balance innovation with patient safety. This paper delves into the revolutionary impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the realm of assisted reproduction technologies (ART). As AI continues to evolve, its application in the field of reproductive medicine holds great promise for improving success rates, personalized treatments, and overall efficiency. This comprehensive review explores the current state of AI in assisted reproduction, its potential benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations.