Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Remote Sens.
Sec. Lidar Sensing
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/frsen.2025.1397513

The Use of Kinematic Photogrammetry and LiDAR for Reconstruction of Unique Object with Extreme Topography: A Case Study of Dutchman's Cap, Baltic Seacoast, Lithuania

Provisionally accepted
Birutė Ruzgienė Birutė Ruzgienė 1Lina Kuklienė Lina Kuklienė 1Indrius Kuklys Indrius Kuklys 1Dainora Jankauskiene Dainora Jankauskiene 1Sérgio António Neves Lousada Sérgio António Neves Lousada 2,3*
  • 1 Faculty of Technology, Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences, Bijunu str. 10, Klaipeda, Lithuania, Klaipeda, Lithuania
  • 2 University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
  • 3 Department of Civil Engineering and Geology (DECG), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering (FCEE), University of Madeira (UMa), 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal, Funchal, Portugal

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Nowadays, the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in conjunction with Photogrammetry and LiDAR technologies, has revolutionized the collection of geospatial data. These technologies enable the acquisition of very high-resolution images and dense point clouds. They also allow the generation of aerial mapping products and simulations of geospatial data for territories that are difficult to access using traditional surveying methods. The paper deals with the use of kinematic remote sensing technique for the study of surface with extreme topography as is a near-vertical cliff named Olandian hat situated in the Seaside regional park on the Baltic sea coast of Lithuania. This area has been significantly eroded by the sea due to the climatic changes of the last few decades, which have caused substantial damage to the coastline. Quantitative measurements show that coastal erosion has led to a retreat of up to [X] meters over the last [Y] years. In order to preserve this unique cultural object, needs to keep an observation on a regular basis (as monitoring) for capture the real situation. Applying an appropriate way for generation of the reliable and accurate spatial models of surface with extreme topography, four data sets were processed: images gained with the camera, oriented horizontally; images gained with the camera tilted at about 50⁰; combining both image sets collected from camera; LiDAR data. Point clouds and orthophoto maps were generated. The evaluation of aerial mapping products showed that the best accuracy was achieved with products derived from the combined image sets, based on the metric of RMSE, with a mean RMSE of 0.048 m in X, Y, and Z directions. The spatial model generated from LiDAR data is more accurate in Z direction. Correct representation of DEM was not possible using only image data from camera horizontally oriented.

    Keywords: Accuracy evaluation, Extreme topography, Images Processing, lidar, Orthophoto, Surface modelling, UAV-Photogrammetry

    Received: 07 Aug 2024; Accepted: 10 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Ruzgienė, Kuklienė, Kuklys, Jankauskiene and Neves Lousada. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Sérgio António Neves Lousada, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.