Building Trust in Rural Communities: Recruitment and Retention Strategies in Developmental Science

Ava Reck^1*Lauren Holley²Kyle Bower²Sarah Whitaker²Caroline Hall²Courtney Brown²Alison Berg²Caroline Alvarado³Diane Bales²Katherine Suma²Kimberly Fowler²Charles Geier²Assaf Oshri²

• ¹University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
• ²University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
• ³New York University, New York City, New York, United States

Background: Studying human development often requires intimate interpersonal queries and interactions with children and families. Such research necessitates moving beyond traditional lab settings to engage participants within their communities for an extended period of time. Building trust is essential for conducting ecologically valid, longitudinal research, particularly when working with diverse and historically underserved populations. Developing effective, practical strategies to foster trust and rapport enhances recruitment, retention, and the overall quality of developmental research. This manuscript examines the recruitment and retention strategies that facilitated trust and engagement in a longitudinal study involving rural participants in Northeast Georgia.Methodology: The continuum of community engagement model suggests that research recruitment efforts should involve more than direct participant outreach, toward a multifaceted, community-driven approach. The current study employs a mixed-methods framework to evaluate these strategies in fostering trust and participant engagement. Qualitative data was collected from study reflection notes, interviews with extension agents, and participant surveys, alongside quantitative measures tracking enrollment, contacts, referrals, and participant trust.Results: Our findings suggest that trust-building efforts, including community engagement teams, reciprocal community relationships, family and family-centered environments, and tailored communication strategies, enhanced participant engagement. Referrals emerged as the most effective method for recruitment. Integrating community-driven recruitment methods led to increased referrals and fostered long-term relationships and trust with community partners, but this success was only achieved after establishing connections and building trust within the community.Conclusion: Addressing historical mistrust and promoting research inclusivity requires iterative, community-centered approaches. Our study highlights the importance of transparent communication, adaptive recruitment strategies, and sustained community engagement. Findings provide a framework for future research aiming to enhance trust, recruitment, and retention in complex biomedical and behavioral developmental science, ensuring more representative and impactful studies.