ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Aging and Public Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1581871
Global, regional, and national disease burden of tobacco-related Alzheimer's disease among individuals over the age of 55: a global burden of disease study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- 2Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- 3Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an insidious onset. Numerous studies have identified a significant association between tobacco use and Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to explore the epidemiological patterns and trends concerning tobacco-related Alzheimer's disease at global, national and regional levels.Methods: We analyzed data on mortality, age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) sourced from the Global Burden of Disease data for 2021. The analysis was further stratified by country and region, sociodemographic index (SDI), gender, and age. A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was employed to project the global burden in the future.Results: In 2021, the total burden revealed a decline in the number of deaths and ASDR compared to 1990. The highest proportions of mortality and ASDR were observed in the age group over 95 years. The disease burden among men was significantly higher than of among women, approximately three times greater. Conversely, in Australia and North America, the burden of disease among women surpassed that of men. In most of the 21 regions worldwide, both mortality and ASDRs have decreased since 1990, and intra-regional mortality rates have declined as SDI has increased. It is anticipated that the burden will continue to gradually decrease from 2021 to 2040.Conclusions: Although the global burden of tobacco-related Alzheimer's disease among the elderly declined from 1990 to 2021, significant disparities existed across regions, age groups, sex, and SDI.
Keywords: Global burden of disease, Alzheimer's disease, Tobacco use, risk factor, ASDR
Received: 03 Mar 2025; Accepted: 14 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 董, Zhang, Hanyu, Yanjie, Zhang and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: 天怡 董, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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