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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health

Sec. Health Economics

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569726

This article is part of the Research Topic Sustainable and Mission-oriented Innovation in Economic Systems and Governance for Equitable Global Health and Wellbeing View all 27 articles

Health inequalities for China's low-income population: trends, subgroup differences, and influencing factors, 2010-2022

Provisionally accepted
  • Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: Health inequality is a global challenge, with low-income populations often facing higher health risks. This study aims to systematically analyze the current status, trends, and influencing factors of health inequalities for China's low-income population. Methods: Utilizing panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2022, the low-income population was identified using a threshold of 67% of median income. Health inequalities were measured across four dimensions: self-rated health, mental health, two-week health, and chronic diseases status, using the Erreygers Index (EI) and Wagstaff Index (WI). Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regression and RIF-Oaxaca decomposition were employed to examine influencing factors of health inequalities and sources of disparities across urban-rural, gender, and age dimensions. Results: From 2010 to 2022, the degree of health inequality was significantly higher for the low-income group compared to the middle and high-income groups in China. Inequalities in self-rated health and chronic diseases status showed an increasing trend for the low-income population. Per capita household income (PCHI) was a key factor, exhibiting a significant negative impact on inequalities in self-rated health and mental health (P<0.01). Age had an inverted U-shaped effect on health inequalities, while household size significantly and negatively influenced disparities in self-rated health and two-week health (P<0.01). Differences in the level of medical expertise of the visited institutions significantly affected chronic disease status inequalities (P<0.01). The PCHI was the primary source of health inequality disparities across urban-rural, gender, and age groups, with the elderly low-income group experiencing significantly higher levels of health inequality compared to the non-elderly group. Conclusions: Health inequalities for the low-income population in China are becoming increasingly severe, particularly pronounced among elderly and rural groups. The study recommends implementing interventions across multiple dimensions, including income support, healthcare accessibility, and family care support, while adopting differentiated policies tailored to the characteristics of various groups. Particular attention should be given to intersectionally disadvantaged groups such as lowincome elderly individuals in rural areas.

    Keywords: health inequality, low-income population, Recentered influence function, RIF-Oaxaca decomposition, China

    Received: 01 Feb 2025; Accepted: 27 Mar 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Feng, Wang and Xia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Qiwei Feng, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
    Xinbin Xia, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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