ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Digital Public Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568123
TWINVAX: Conceptual model of a Digital Twin for immunisation services in Primary Health care
Provisionally accepted
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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This paper presents a proposal for the modelling and reference architecture of a digital twin for an immunisation service in primary health care centres. The system is based on Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies, such as IoT, machine learning, and cloud computing. The modelling, carried out using the Unified Modelling Language (UML), aims to create a reference for the workflows and processes involved, such as temperature monitoring and tracking vaccination status. The proposed architecture, which adheres to the ISO 23247 standard, is divided into 4 layers: observable elements/entities, data collection and device control, digital twin platform, and user domain. The system makes it possible to store, monitor and visualise data from an immunisation room, regarding temperature control of ice-lined refrigerators (ILR) and thermal boxes. It also has an analytic module capable of monitoring patient vaccination coverage, relating vaccination status to the official vaccination calendar. The main benefits of this digital twin include optimising vaccine temperature conditions, reducing dose wastage, monitoring the population's vaccination status, and planning more effective vaccination actions. The article also discusses the feasibility, possible benefits, and future impacts of this technology on immunisation.
Keywords: Immunisation, Digital Twin, Vaccines, TwinVax, Public Health, IoT
Received: 28 Jan 2025; Accepted: 23 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 EL-WARRAK and De Farias. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: LEONARDO DE OLIVEIRA EL-WARRAK, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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