ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1561920
Associations between blood ethylene oxide levels and bone mineral density
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- 2First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- 3Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- 4Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Abstract:Background: Ethylene oxide (EO) is a toxic compound extensively used in industrial applications. This study quantified serum EO levels by measuring hemoglobin-bound ethylene oxide (HbEO). However, the link between bone mineral density (BMD) and HbEO levels remains unexplored.Methods: A total of 2570 participants were evaluated using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015 - 2018). Generalized linear regression models (LRM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to investigate the association between blood EO levels and BMD. Adjusted models were also applied for comprehensive analysis.Results: Blood EO levels and BMD were inversely related (p = 0.007). This RCS analysis also showed an L-shaped dose-response correlation between EO levels and BMD (p for nonlinearity <0.001).Conclusion: This study highlights a substantial correlation between EO exposure and BMD. Further randomized controlled trials are required to establish a causal relationship.
Keywords: Ethylene Oxide, bone mineral density, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, NHANES
Received: 16 Jan 2025; Accepted: 21 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Lu, Lin, Chen and Huang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Feng Huang, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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