Sonu Goel ^1,2,3 Madhur Verma ^4* Archisman Mohapatra ⁵ Stevo Popovic ^6,7

• ¹ Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Haryana, India
• ² Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
• ³ College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
• ⁴ All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda (AIIMS Bathinda), Bhatinda, India
• ⁵ GRID Council, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
• ⁶ Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
• ⁷ Balkan Institute of Science and Innovation, Podgorica, Montenegro

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), encompassing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory illnesses, have emerged as a significant global health challenge, exerting immense pressure on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally account for 41 million deaths annually, resulting in 74% of global mortality. 1 The NCD's contributions to the Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are the highest globally and is the only disease group for which DALYs increased from 1•47 billion in 2010 to 1•73 billion years in 2021. 2 The multifaceted etiology of NCDs underscores the imperative for comprehensive approaches addressing underlying risk factors and quantifying their impact of exposure to key risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice and help prioritize the use of scarce resources to reduce the existing disparities. 3 According to WHO, NCDs arise from a combination of behavioral, metabolic, and environmental risk factors. Modifiable behaviors such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and harmful alcohol consumption significantly elevate NCD risks. 1 Metabolic risk factors, including high blood pressure, obesity, elevated blood glucose, and high blood lipids, drive NCD development. Environmental factors like air pollution further exacerbate NCD risks, causing 6.7 million deaths globally, with 5.7 million linked to conditions such as stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. 1 While most of the risk factors are considered modifiable, efforts to minimize them are abysmally low worldwide. One crucial bottleneck to this sluggish response is a lack of awareness or insufficient knowledge about NCDs and their risk factors among people and policymakers.Although these risk factors are considered modifiable, global efforts to minimize them remain abysmally low. A critical bottleneck in this sluggish response is the widespread lack of awareness or inadequate knowledge about noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their associated risk factors among the general public and policymakers. This highlights the urgent need to prioritize raising awareness about NCDs and their risk factors. for behavioral change and sustainable health practices. 4 Improving the caliber and volume of counselling requires a health strategy that assists in removing obstacles and fostering an environment where general practitioners can successfully apply diet and physical activity counseling techniques.Effective NCD prevention necessitates a supportive policy environment conducive to health-promoting behaviors. Advocacy efforts aimed at context-specific policy formulation and its effective implementation play a pivotal role in curbing NCD prevalence and mitigating associated risk factors. Taxation policies on tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages, food labeling regulations, and urban planning initiatives promoting active transportation and recreational spaces exemplify strategies for creating health-enhancing environments. 5 The development of management skills across various healthcare workforce cadres, the availability of reasonably priced, high-quality, sustainable supply of antihypertensive medications, a robust digital health information system, and a robust primary healthcare infrastructure, including community-based services, are all necessary for the successful implementation of NCD prevention programs. 6 Partnerships and Collaborative Initiatives: Collaborative endeavors involving governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the private sector are instrumental in advancing NCD prevention and control agendas. By harnessing collective expertise and resources, stakeholders can synergize efforts in raising awareness, implementing interventions, and advocating for policy reforms. Strategic alliances foster innovation, enhance programmatic efficiency, and optimize resource allocation toward sustainable health outcomes. A family-centric approach should be the mainstay of counseling services in order to improve ownership.There is a need to reform the organizations' work culture. Extended periods of sitting, particularly in the workplace for young adults, can increase an individual's risk of developing hypertension and other NCDs. To help improve productivity, there should be a concept of Yoga or physical activity hour in the workplace. 7 The idea of afternoon naps can be normalized in the workplace during lunch hours as they are known to prevent premature cognitive deterioration. 8 Newer solutions: Addressing the complex interplay of NCD risk factors requires innovative solutions like artificial intelligence (AI). AI-based machine learning algorithms enable the analysis of vast amounts of health data to identify patterns, trends, and correlations related to NCDs and their risk factors. By mining electronic health records, epidemiological databases, and social media platforms, AI-powered analytics can uncover insights into disease prevalence, geographic disparities, and emerging health trends. 9 These data-driven insights inform evidence-based strategies for raising awareness and tailoring interventions to specific population needs. Further, the Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms facilitate extracting and synthesizing relevant information from textual sources, including scientific literature, news articles, and online forums. Collaboration among governments, NGOs, and private sectors is essential to bridge gaps in technology access and foster trust. This integrated approach ensures comprehensive, sustainable strategies to reduce the NCD burden while addressing health disparities.To conclude, the world is uniformly going through a rapid demographic and economic transition at an overwhelmingly fast pace. Accounting for 74% of global deaths, NCDs pose a severe threat to health systems and economies. Thus urgent and timely actions are warranted to prevent the emergence of new cases and adequately manage the known cases. Insufficient knowledge regarding NCDs, their risk factors, and indifferent attitudes and practices hinder prevention efforts. This editorial proposed strategies to boost educational campaigns, undertake policy advocacy, and promote structural reforms to improve healthful behaviors. Partnerships among governments, NGOs, academia, and the private sector are crucial. Additionally, innovative solutions like AI can offer valuable insights and personalized interventions. A comprehensive, multifaceted approach is essential to reduce NCDs, address health disparities, and foster sustainable health outcomes globally.