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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Children and Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1551197
Parental First Aid Literacy in Epistaxis: Do Parents Know What to Do?
Provisionally accepted
Alya AlZabin1*
Ebtesam Almajed1Reem Altamimi1Nuwayyir Abdullah Alqasimi1Yasser Albalawi2Nasser Alwehaibi2- 1College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Background: Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngology emergency, especially among the pediatric population. While prompt first aid is essential, there is limited data on parents' knowledge regarding its management in Saudi Arabia. This study assessed parental literacy in epistaxis first aid and its correlation with sociodemographic factors.A cross-sectional online study was conducted from May to June 2023, targeting parents of children aged ≤12 years across Saudi Arabia. Using a structured questionnaire, data on demographic characteristics and epistaxis first aid knowledge were collected from 777 participants. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were utilized for analysis.The majority of parents (79%) reported that their child had experienced epistaxis, and 72.7% considered it an emergency. However, knowledge gaps were evident: only 15.8% recognized posterior bleeds as life-threatening, and just 54.8% identified the correct position for managing epistaxis. Geographic disparities were noted, with parents in the South, East, and North showing lower literacy than those in the Western region. Additionally, male, non-Saudi, and postgraduate parents had reduced literacy regarding epistaxis prevention. A large proportion of parents relied on the internet for information, which may contribute to these gaps.There is a significant need for targeted educational programs to improve parental knowledge of epistaxis first aid, particularly among specific demographic groups. Enhancing access to first-aid training and credible resources could improve emergency responses to epistaxis, mitigating risks and promoting safer outcomes for children.
Keywords: Epistaxis1, nosebleed2, first aid3, parents4, Otorhinolaryngology5, Saudi Arabia6
Received: 24 Dec 2024; Accepted: 10 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 AlZabin, Almajed, Altamimi, Alqasimi, Albalawi and Alwehaibi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Alya AlZabin, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.