SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Public Health

Sec. Public Health and Nutrition

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1539359

Dietary patterns and hypertension in Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Provisionally accepted
Xi WuXi Wu1Jianwei LiuJianwei Liu2Zhuofeng WangZhuofeng Wang1Shangya ChenShangya Chen1Jiazi MaJiazi Ma1Mao CaoMao Cao1Yong YangYong Yang1Guangjian WuGuangjian Wu2*Wentao LiWentao Li1*Zhongjun DuZhongjun Du3*
  • 1Shandong First Medical University, Ji’nan, China
  • 2Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
  • 3Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China

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Objective: Numerous studies have explored the correlation between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension, yet the findings have remained indeterminate. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate how various dietary patterns relate to hypertension risk in the Chinese population.Methods: Relevant articles published from 1 January 2004 to 14 March 2024 in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and VIP) were searched. Fixed or random-effects models were employed to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of dietary patterns.Results: In total, 22 articles were incorporated into the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated a reduced likelihood for hypertension in the highest compared to the lowest category of the traditional southern Chinese pattern (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97, P < 0.001). In addition, compared to the lowest category of fruit and dairy pattern, the risk of the highest category had a 25% reduction in hypertension risk (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64-0.89, P = 0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between the animal food pattern and the odds of hypertension (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.15, P = 0.171).The traditional southern Chinese pattern as well as the fruit and dairy pattern was a protective factor for hypertension. High-quality, large-scale studies are needed to confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis further.

Keywords: dietary pattern, Hypertension, Meta-analysis, Chinese adults, Prevalence

Received: 04 Dec 2024; Accepted: 15 Apr 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Wu, Liu, Wang, Chen, Ma, Cao, Yang, Wu, Li and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Guangjian Wu, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, 16992, China
Wentao Li, Shandong First Medical University, Ji’nan, China
Zhongjun Du, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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