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BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1523733
This article is part of the Research Topic Chronic Hepatitis B Management: Current Status and Future Directions View all 14 articles
"Immunogenicity and Predictive Factors of Hepatitis B Vaccination with Fendrix® in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"
Provisionally accepted
Cristina Hernan-Garcia 1,2
Daniel Leonardo Sanchez-Carmona 1* Lucia Czestochowa Mateo-Otero 3
Virginia Fernández-Espinilla 1,2 Paula Andrea Rodríguez Ducuara 1 Jose Javier Castrodeza-Sanz 1,2 Camino Prada-García 2,4- 1 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- 2 University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- 3 Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
- 4 Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CHLeon), Leon, Spain
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose major global health challenges. CKD patients face a heightened risk of HBV infection, worsening their prognosis. This study evaluated the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in CKD patients, the persistence of antibodies, and factors influencing vaccine efficacy.A retrospective study was conducted on 173 CKD patients (2014173 CKD patients ( -2019) ) receiving routine vaccination at the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain. (ZIP Code:47003) Patients were immunized with Fendrix® on a 0-1-2-6-month schedule, and verbal informed consent was obtained. A protective response was defined as Anti-HBs >10 IU/L, and a robust response as >100 IU/L. Overall, 90.8% achieved a protective response. Age was not a significant predictor (p=0.137) between non-responders and protective or robust responders. 32.95% of patients died during follow-up. A robust response at the end of vaccination cycle was associated with higher antibody titers at 12 months (p=0.002) but not at 24 (p=0.550) or 36 months (p=0.739). Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated median antibody duration as 26.5 months (Anti-HBs>10IU/L) and 25.4 months (Anti-HBs>100IU/L). A delay in vaccination compared to the recommended schedule was observed (one-sample Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001).Fendrix® effectively induces protective immunity in CKD patients, but a robust early response does not ensure long-term persistence. The decline in antibody levels suggests the need for booster doses and periodic antibody monitoring to optimize long-term protection. Suboptimal vaccination adherence may reflect the inherent complexities of real-world clinical practice.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV), Vaccination, Dialysis, Observational
Received: 06 Nov 2024; Accepted: 10 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hernan-Garcia, Sanchez-Carmona, Mateo-Otero, Fernández-Espinilla, Rodríguez Ducuara, Castrodeza-Sanz and Prada-García. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Daniel Leonardo Sanchez-Carmona, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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