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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Children and Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511263
Determinants of Community Acquired Pneumonia among under-five Children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Provisionally accepted
Nigussie Adam Birhan1*
Alene Workineh2Zelalem Woldie3Embet Abich3
Gedif Alemayehu3
Atalay Nigussie3
Yenew Alemu3
Denekew Bitew Belay4Chalachew Messfin5- 1Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Innibara, Ethiopia
- 2Injibara General Hospital, Injibara, Ethiopia
- 3Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
- 4department of statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- 5One Acre Fund, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Background: Globally, community acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of death in under-five children which accounting 7.6 million deaths. Among these, about 99% occur in low and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to assess magnitude of community acquired pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in Awi Zone.A community cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,368 participants from March to July 2023. A multistage sampling method was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data and exported to STATA for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were fitted. Variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.The percentage of community acquired pneumonia among under-five children was 11.33% (95% CI: 9.75%-13.12%). Primary education [AOR=0.38; 95% CI :0.15,0.95], stunting [AOR=4.80; 95% CI: 2.31, 9.94 ], having diarrhea [AOR=3.75; 95% CI: 1.96,7.18 ], acute lower respiratory tract infection [AOR=14.57, 95% CI: 3.18,66.78], acute upper respiratory tract infection [AOR = 9.06; 95% CI: 2.03, 40.42], and presence of separate kitchen [AOR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.72] were associated with community acquired pneumonia.In this study percentage of community acquired pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, we recommend adequate health education regarding to nutritional intervention, prevention and early treatment of diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection, and preventing indoor air pollution to reduce the risk of community acquired pneumonia.
Keywords: Awi Zone, community acquired pneumonia, determinants, upper respiratory tract infection, and Under-five children
Received: 14 Oct 2024; Accepted: 14 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Birhan, Workineh, Woldie, Abich, Alemayehu, Nigussie, Alemu, Belay and Messfin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Nigussie Adam Birhan, Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Innibara, Ethiopia
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.