Participation in and use of skills development for work ability and expected retirement age: A cross-sectional study among senior workers

Karina Glies Vincents Seeberg ^1,2* Sebastian Venge Skovlund ^1,3 Emil Sundstrup ¹ Ole Steen Mortensen ^4,5 Lars Louis Andersen ^1,6

• ¹ National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
• ² Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
• ³ Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
• ⁴ Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copehmhagen, Denmark
• ⁵ Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbaek Hospital., Holbaek, Denmark
• ⁶ Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Introduction: Europe's aging population calls for ways to prolong working life. Skills development initiatives could potentially improve work ability and extend working lives and may thus be key to address this challenge. However, the role of skills development in relation to work ability and retirement age is still not fully understood.Aim: This study aims to investigate the association of skills development with work ability and expected retirement age among senior workers.In 2022, all State employees in Denmark aged 55 years or above (n=53,673) received a web-based questionnaire, of which 42 % were included in the analyses (n=22,544). The questionnaire included questions about participation in skills development initiatives over the past two years, lifestyle and work environment, including work ability and expected retirement age. We employed Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), weighted for Union, sex and age, with multivariate adjustment to examine associations of participation in 1) courses, 2) formal education and 3) other forms of skills development on work ability and expected retirement age.Results: Formal education showed strong associations with expected retirement age with a betweengroup difference of 0.68 years Confidence Interval (CI) (0.54 to 0.82). Conversely, other forms of skills development (peer-to-peer training or self-study) were most positively associated with work ability in specific models with a between-group difference of 0.20 years CI (0.16 to 0.24). Stratified and sensitivity analyses further supported these findings.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that participation in skills development is positively associated with work ability and expected retirement age. These findings underscore the need for targeted skills development programs, which may enhance workforce sustainability and help workers prolong their working life.