ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1480766
This article is part of the Research TopicWorld Hepatitis Day 2024: Advancing Hepatitis Elimination, Public Health Strategies and InnovationsView all 17 articles
Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
Provisionally accepted
- 1Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- 3Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Aim: Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccination.We collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2018. To examine the association between the SII and immunological response, we conducted weighted multiple regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, we utilized restricted cubic splines (RCSs) to analyse the linear relationship between the two variables.In our study, we included a total of 6,123 patients, of whom 2,770 tested positive for hepatitis B antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for all measured factors, a high level of the SII was inversely associated with the presence of antibodies following three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine (OR = 0.8661, 95% CI = 0.7577-0.9899, P = 0.035). Subgroup analysis and interaction testing revealed that sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, and other factors did not significantly influence this negative association (P for interaction > 0.05).Additionally, the RCS model revealed no nonlinear relationship between the SII and the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine (P > 0.05). Notably, antibody expression significantly decreased as the SII increased beyond the threshold of 448.3.This cross-sectional study revealed a strong association between low antibody production following hepatitis B vaccination and the SII. However, this crosssectional study could not establish a causal relationship between the two variables. Therefore, further experimental verification is necessary to confirm the correlation 3 observed in our study.
Keywords: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, systemic immuneinflammatory index, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, antibody
Received: 14 Aug 2024; Accepted: 24 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hu, Li, Huang and Zou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Junxiang Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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