AUTHOR=Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Chen Ding-Geng , Zewotir Temesgen T. , Rad Najmeh Nakhaei 

TITLE=Spatiotemporal models with confounding effects: application on under-five mortality across four sub-Saharan African countries

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1408680

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1408680

ISSN=2296-2565