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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health
Sec. Health Economics
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1464685

Impacts of the US CDC Recommendation on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake, 2010 – 2015

Provisionally accepted
Pallab K Ghosh Pallab K Ghosh 1Ahmed Chaudhry Ahmed Chaudhry 1Myongjin Kim Myongjin Kim 1Kyle Smith Kyle Smith 2Firat Demir Firat Demir 1Junying Zhao Junying Zhao 2*
  • 1 University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
  • 2 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    OBJECTIVES As one type of vaccine policy, the effectiveness and spillover effects of the US CDC vaccine recommendations are inadequately evaluated. This study aims to fully evaluate its impacts on male adults, in addition to children, using better data. DESIGN A before-after study design to examine the CDC’s 2011 HPV vaccine recommendation for men aged 11-21. DATA ANALYSIS Individual-level data included the 2010-2015 US National Health Interview Survey full sample of 7,000 male children aged 11-18, younger adults aged 19-21 and 22-25, and older adults aged 26-60. Pooled cross-sectional surveys contained individual-level vaccination, socioeconomic, and demographic information. Outcome variable is an individual HPV vaccination status, measured as individual probability of HPV vaccination. Dummy regressions were estimated by a Linear Probability Model (LPM) with fixed effects for target and non-target age groups. RESULTS The policy was significantly associated with a 14.8% (P<0.001) increased individual likelihood of HPV vaccination for men aged 11-21. It was also associated with a modest spillover effect, a 5.6% (P<0.001) increased individual likelihood for men aged 22-25 and marginally for men aged 26-60. African American men and men with poor health were 2.7% and 15.4% less likely to uptake HPV vaccines than white men and men with good or fair health, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study complements the existing policy evaluation literature on HPV vaccine recommendation among male children by including adults and using better data. Findings offer comprehensive evidence of the effectiveness and spillover effects of this recommendation type of federal-level policy, provide policy lessons for other vaccines, and identify vulnerable subpopulations as targets for future policies.

    Keywords: HPV, Vaccination rate, Vaccine uptake, gender, race, Self-reported health status

    Received: 14 Jul 2024; Accepted: 28 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Ghosh, Chaudhry, Kim, Smith, Demir and Zhao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Junying Zhao, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, Oklahoma, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.