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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health
Sec. Aging and Public Health
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1453489

Assessing and Projecting the Global Impacts of Alzheimer's Disease

Provisionally accepted
Nanlong Zhang Nanlong Zhang Shuren Chai Shuren Chai Jixing Wang Jixing Wang *
  • Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: This study aims to assess the global burden of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from 1990 to 2030, with a focus on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Methods: Data on the incidence rates, DALY rates, and death rates of AD across various geographic populations from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were employed to forecast the disease burden from 2022 to 2030. Results: The projected global burden of Alzheimer's Disease from 2022 to 2030 indicates a decrease in DALYs, with an Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) of -1.44 (95% CI: -1.45, -1.42). Similarly, death rates and incidence rates also show a decline, with EAPCs of -1.80 (95% CI: -1.83, -1.77) and -1.27 (95% CI: -1.29, -1.26) respectively. Gender-specific analysis reveals that the projected global incidence EAPC from 2022 to 2030 is estimated at -1.73 (95% CI: -1.75, -1.70) for males and -1.03 (95% CI: -1.04, -1.02) for females. Regionally, Andean Latin America and the Caribbean exhibit the highest positive EAPCs for DALYs at 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.94) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.60) respectively, while Eastern Europe shows the lowest EAPC at -16.31 (95% CI: -18.60, -13.95). Country-specific projections highlight Cyprus and Serbia with the highest positive EAPCs for DALYs at 12.55 (95% CI: 11.21, 13.91) and 9.6416 (95% CI: 8.86, 10.4333) respectively. On the other hand, Bahrain and Armenia exhibit significant negative EAPCs at -87.28 (95% CI: -94.66, -69.70) and -85.41 (95% CI: -92.80, -70.41). An analysis based on the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) reveals that regions with higher SDI values have greater burdens of AD, with countries having SDI ≥ 0.8 showing significantly higher age-standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR), age-standardized Death Rates (ASDR), and age-standardized DALY rates compared to those with SDI < 0.8. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2030, global burden of AD is projected to decrease, with significant gender and regional disparities. Regions with higher SDI show higher disease burdens, underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions and customized public health strategies to effectively address AD in varied socio-economic settings.

    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Incidence, Mortality, Disability-adjusted life years, projection

    Received: 25 Jun 2024; Accepted: 26 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Chai and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Jixing Wang, Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China

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