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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health
Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1427905
This article is part of the Research Topic Toxicity Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants and Health Risk Assessment View all 10 articles

Investigating How Blood Cadmium Levels Influence Cardiovascular Health Scores Across Sexes and Dose Responses

Provisionally accepted
Feng Chen Feng Chen 1Hao Lin Hao Lin 2*Yuansi Zhang Yuansi Zhang 3*Yu Zhang Yu Zhang 1*Shaohe Chen Shaohe Chen 1*
  • 1 Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
  • 2 Pingyang County People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 3 Wenzhou Yebo Proctology Hospital, wenzhou, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The association between exposure to cadmium (Cd) and cardiovascular health (CVH) has received considerable scientific interest. However, findings thus far have been inconclusive, particularly regarding sex-specific effects and dose-response relationships. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationships of blood Cd levels with the overall and component CVH scores.We used data from the 2011-2018 NHANES to assess CVH using indicators such as BMI, blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose levels, diet, physical activity, nicotine use, and sleep quality, each rated on a 0-100 scale. The overall CVH score was calculated as the average of these indicators.We employed both multiple linear and restricted cubic spline analyses to examine the relationship between blood Cd levels and CVH scores, including nonlinear patterns and subgroup-specific effects.Results: Our analysis revealed that higher blood Cd levels were associated with lower overall CVH, nicotine exposure, sleep, and diet scores, with nonlinear decreases observed in overall CVH and nicotine exposure scores at specific thresholds (-1.447 log μg/dL and -1.752 log μg/dL, respectively).Notably, sex differences were evident; females experienced more adverse effects of Cd on CVH and lipid scores, while in males, Cd exposure was positively correlated with BMI, a link not observed in females.Our study highlights the complex interplay between blood Cd levels and various aspects of CVH, revealing significant dose-response relationships and sex disparities. These findingsRelationships between Blood Cadmium Levels and

    Keywords: Cadmium, Cardiovascular health, Sex Factors, Risk factors, NHANES

    Received: 05 May 2024; Accepted: 07 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chen, Lin, Zhang, Zhang and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Hao Lin, Pingyang County People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
    Yuansi Zhang, Wenzhou Yebo Proctology Hospital, wenzhou, China
    Yu Zhang, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
    Shaohe Chen, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.