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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health
Sec. Public Health and Nutrition
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398460
This article is part of the Research Topic Dietary and Nutrigenetic Contributors to Metabolic Syndrome View all 7 articles

The interaction between dietary Nitrates/ Nitrites intake and Gut Microbial Metabolites on Metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Provisionally accepted
Atieh Mirzababaei Atieh Mirzababaei 1*Maryam Mahmoodi Maryam Mahmoodi 2*Abbas Keshtkar Abbas Keshtkar 3Sara Ebrahimi Sara Ebrahimi 4Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene 5*Faezeh Abaj Faezeh Abaj 6Mina Radmehr Mina Radmehr 7Pardis Khalili Pardis Khalili 8Mahya Mehri Hajmir Mahya Mehri Hajmir 9*Khadijeh Mirzaei Khadijeh Mirzaei 1*
  • 1 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
  • 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
  • 3 Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
  • 4 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
  • 5 Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
  • 6 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 7 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  • 8 Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 9 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence has increased globally.The evidence shows thatdiet and gut microbial metabolites includingtrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and kynurenine (KYN) play an important role in developing MetS. However, there is a lack of evidence on associations between between diet and these metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between dietary nitrate/nitrite and gut microbial metabolites (TMAO, KYN) on MetS and its components. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 adults aged 20-50 years. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and serum TMAO and KYN levels were measured. MetS was defined usingthe National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) criteria.The ATPIII index revealed an 11% prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study participants .After adjusting for confounders, significant positive interactions were found: High animal-source nitrate intake and high TMAO levels with elevated triglycerides (TG) (p interaction = 0.07) and abdominal obesity (p interaction = 0.08).High animal-source nitrate intake and high KYN levels with increased TG (p interaction = 0.01) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (p interaction = 0.01).Individuals with high animal-source nitrite intake and high TMAO levels showed increased risk

    Keywords: Nitrates, Nitrites, Gut microbial metabolites, Interaction, metabolic syndrome, KYN, TMAO

    Received: 09 Mar 2024; Accepted: 12 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Mirzababaei, Mahmoodi, Keshtkar, Ebrahimi, Pashayee-Khamene, Abaj, Radmehr, Khalili, Mehri Hajmir and Mirzaei. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Atieh Mirzababaei, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Alborz, Iran
    Maryam Mahmoodi, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Alborz, Iran
    Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 56131-56491, Khuzestan, Iran
    Mahya Mehri Hajmir, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 20052, District of Columbia, United States
    Khadijeh Mirzaei, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Alborz, Iran

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