AUTHOR=Nowak Kacy D. , Lane Morgan A. , Mbanya Armand , Carter Jasmine R. , Binion Brianna A. , Espinoza Daniel O. , Collins Matthew H. , Heaney Christopher D. , Pisanic Nora , Kruczynski Kate , Spicer Kristoffer , Rivera Magdielis Gregory , Glover Felicia , Ojo-Akosile Tolulope , Breiman Robert F. , Anderson Evan J. , Lobelo Felipe , Fairley Jessica K. 

TITLE=High SARS-CoV-2 secondary infection rates in households with children in Georgia, United States, Fall 2020—Winter 2021

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378701

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378701

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p>A wide range of household secondary infection rates has been reported, and the role of children in population transmission dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 remains ill-defined. We sought to better understand household infection early in the pandemic.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methodology</title><p>A cross-sectional study of 17 households in the Atlanta metropolitan area with at least one child and one case of COVID-19 in the prior 1–4 months were recruited between December 2020 and April 2021. Self-collected saliva samples were tested on a multiplexed platform to detect IgG antibodies that bind to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Secondary infection rates (SIR) were calculated and compared.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>We report results on 17 families, including 66 individuals. We found an average SIR of 0.58; children and adults were similarly infected (62% children vs. 75% adults) (<italic>p</italic> = 0.2). Two out of 17 households had a pediatric index per our definition. Number of pediatric infections per household (<italic>p</italic> = 0.18), isolation (<italic>p</italic> = 0.34), and mask wearing (<italic>p</italic> = 0.80) did not differ significantly among households with an SIR above the mean vs. those with SIR below the mean. Households with higher SIR also had a higher number of symptomatic cases (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Discussion</title><p>We demonstrated high household SIRs at the early stages of the pandemic in late 2020 to early 2021 with similar impact on children and adults. The ease of collecting saliva and the detection of asymptomatic infections highlight the advantages of this strategy and potential for scale-up.</p></sec>