AUTHOR=Chen Mengjie , Liu Man , Pu Ying , Wu Juan , Zhang Mingjiao , Tang Hongxia , Kong Laixi , Guo Maoting , Zhu Kexue , Xie Yuxiu , Li Zhe , Deng Bei , Xiong Zhenzhen 

TITLE=The effect of health quotient and time management skills on self-management behavior and glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295531

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295531

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Objective</title><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the present status of self-management behavior and glycemic control in individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), as well as to examine the impact of health quotient (HQ) and time management skills on both self-management behavior and glycemic control.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>Between October 2022 and March 2023, a purposive sampling method had been utilized to select 215 participants with type T2D. The survey concluded a general information questionnaire, an HQ scale, a diabetes time management questionnaire and a self-management behavior questionnaire. The health quotient(HQ)encompasses the individuals’ knowledge, attitude toward health, and the ability to maintain their own well-being. The diabetes time management questionnaire was reverse-scored, with higher scores indicating an enhanced competence in time management. The path among variables was analyzed using structural equation modeling(SEM).</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>SEM showed that the direct effect of HQ on time management was −0.566 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), the direct effect of time management on the effect of self-management was −0.617 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), the direct effect of HQ on self-management was 0.156, and the indirect effect was 0.349 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05); the relationship between health quotient and self-management was partially mediated by time management, with a mediating effect size of 68.8%. In addition, self-management had a direct effect on HbA<sub>lc</sub>, with a size of −0.394 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05); The impacts of both HQ and time management on HbA<sub>lc</sub> were found to be mediated by self-management, with HQ demonstrating an indirect effect of −0.199 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) and time management showing an indirect effect of 0.244 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Health quotient and time management in patients with T2D serve as catalysts for self-management behavior. They affect HbA<sub>lc</sub> level indirectly through self-management practices. The suggestion is to prioritize the cultivation of rational time organization and management skills in T2D patients, as well as enhance their health quotient level. This can facilitate a more effective improvement in patients’ self-management behaviors, ultimately achieving the objective of maintaining optimal glycemic control.</p></sec>