AUTHOR=Mirza Wajid Ameen , Zhang Ke , Zhang Rongguang , Duan Guangcai , Khan Muhammad Shahid Nawaz , Ni Peng 

TITLE=Vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients' coinfected with H. pylori in Pakistan. A case-control study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035560

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035560

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease with an estimate of 390 million persons getting the infection each year with a significant public health impact. It has been reported DENV patients with vitamin D deficiency led to severe form of dengue infection; while <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection alters vitamin D receptors leading to vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesize that DENV patient's having low vitamin D along with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection could have worsen dengue severity as well as vitamin D deficiency. In this case-control study, we compared (I) the vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever cases with or without <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection, and (II) negative dengue fever as a control with or without <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection. We have also assessed the correlation between vitamin D levels and its effect on warning signs of the dengue fever. Further, we have investigated whether coinfection with <italic>H. pylori</italic> has any effect on warning signs in the dengue fever patients and the vitamin D deficiency in all serotypes of the dengue virus infected patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>In this case control study the association of the vitamin D levels with age, gender and <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection in dengue fever hospitalized patients was assessed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Four hundred dengue fever patients with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection were compared with 400 dengue negative controls with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection. The mean age was 29.96 ± 10.5 and 29.88 ± 10.7 years among cases and controls, respectively. Most dengue fever patients with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection were deficient in vitamin D compared with negative dengue controls with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection. In multivariate logistic regression, the dengue cases with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection were.056 times (95% CI: 0.024, 0.128, <italic>P</italic> = 0.000) more likely to have vitamin D “deficiency', while compared with the cases who did not have <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The present study proposes that vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients coinfected with <italic>H. pylori</italic> is much higher than the dengue fever negative controls coinfected with <italic>H. pylori</italic>. As hypothesized the DENV patient with <italic>H. pylori</italic> coinfection has vitamin D deficiency as well as increased dengue severity.</p></sec>