AUTHOR=Melvin Cathy L. , Jefferson Melanie S. , Rice LaShanta J. , Cartmell Kathleen B. , Halbert Chanita Hughes 

TITLE=Predictors of Participation in Mammography Screening among Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic Women

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00188

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2016.00188

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=<sec id="ST1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Many factors influence women’s decisions to participate in guideline-recommended screening mammography. We evaluated the influence of women’s socioeconomic characteristics, health-care access, and cultural and psychological health-care preferences on timely mammography screening participation.</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Materials and methods</title><p>A random digit dial survey of United States non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic women aged 40–75, from January to August 2009, determined self-reported time of most recent mammogram. Screening rates were assessed based on receipt of a screening mammogram within the prior 12 months, the interval recommended at the time by the American Cancer Society.</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>Thirty-nine percent of women reported not having a mammogram within the last 12 months. The odds of not having had a screening mammography were higher for non-Hispanic White women than for non-Hispanic Black (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.82, <italic>p</italic> = 0.009) or Hispanic (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.48, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01) women. Lack of health insurance (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.54, 6.73, <italic>p</italic> = 0.002) and lack of usual source of medical care (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.43, 7.94, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01) were associated with not being screened as were lower self-efficacy to obtain screening (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.26, 4.73, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01) and greater levels of religiosity and spirituality (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.00, <italic>p</italic> = 0.05). Neither perceived risk nor present temporal orientation was significant.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Discussion</title><p>Odds of not having a mammogram increased if women were uninsured, without medical care, non-Hispanic White, older in age, not confident in their ability to obtain screening, or held passive or external religious/spiritual values. Results are encouraging given racial disparities in health-care participation and suggest that efforts to increase screening among minority women may be working.</p></sec>