AUTHOR=Bannister Scott , Greasley Alinka E. , Cox Trevor J. , Akeroyd Michael A. , Barker Jon , Fazenda Bruno , Firth Jennifer , Graetzer Simone N. , Roa Dabike Gerardo , Vos Rebecca R. , Whitmer William M. 

TITLE=Muddy, muddled, or muffled? Understanding the perception of audio quality in music by hearing aid users

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310176

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310176

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1001"><title>Introduction</title><p>Previous work on audio quality evaluation has demonstrated a developing convergence of the key perceptual attributes underlying judgments of quality, such as timbral, spatial and technical attributes. However, across existing research there remains a limited understanding of the crucial perceptual attributes that inform audio quality evaluation for people with hearing loss, and those who use hearing aids. This is especially the case with music, given the unique problems it presents in contrast to human speech.</p></sec><sec id="sec2001"><title>Method</title><p>This paper presents a sensory evaluation study utilising descriptive analysis methods, in which a panel of hearing aid users collaborated, through consensus, to identify the most important perceptual attributes of music audio quality and developed a series of rating scales for future listening tests. Participants (<italic>N</italic> = 12), with a hearing loss ranging from mild to severe, first completed an online elicitation task, providing single-word terms to describe the audio quality of original and processed music samples; this was completed twice by each participant, once with hearing aids, and once without. Participants were then guided in discussing these raw terms across three focus groups, in which they reduced the term space, identified important perceptual groupings of terms, and developed perceptual attributes from these groups (including rating scales and definitions for each).</p></sec><sec id="sec3001"><title>Results</title><p>Findings show that there were seven key perceptual dimensions underlying music audio quality (<italic>clarity</italic>, <italic>harshness</italic>, <italic>distortion</italic>, <italic>spaciousness</italic>, <italic>treble strength</italic>, <italic>middle strength</italic>, and <italic>bass strength</italic>), alongside a music audio quality attribute and possible alternative frequency balance attributes.</p></sec><sec id="sec4001"><title>Discussion</title><p>We outline how these perceptual attributes align with extant literature, how attribute rating instruments might be used in future work, and the importance of better understanding the music listening difficulties of people with varied profiles of hearing loss.</p></sec>