AUTHOR=Otte Johanna , Schicktanz Nathalie , Bentz Dorothée 

TITLE=Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the Swiss general population

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071205

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071205

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental-health experts called attention to a possible deterioration of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs). In particular, people suffering from a fear of contamination were considered a vulnerable population.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the change in OCSs from before to during the pandemic within the Swiss general population, and to examine a possible relationship of OCSs to stress and anxiety.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This cross-sectional study was implemented as an anonymized online survey (<italic>N</italic> = 3,486). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) was used to assess global OCS severity (range: 0–72, clinical cut-off &gt; 18) and specific OCS dimensions (range: 0–12) during the second wave of the pandemic and retrospectively for before the pandemic. Participants were asked to report stress and anxiety in the previous 2 weeks before the survey.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Participants reported significantly higher OCI-R total scores during (12.73) compared to before the pandemic (9.04, mean delta increase: 3.69). Significantly more individuals reported an OCI-R total score exceeding the clinical cut-off during (24%) than before the pandemic (13%). OCS severity increased on all symptom dimensions, but was most pronounced on the washing dimension (all with <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Self-reported stress and anxiety were weakly associated with differences in severity in total score and symptom dimensions (with <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> &lt; 0.1 and <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our results indicate that the full spectrum of people with OCS should be considered as risk groups for symptom deterioration during a pandemic and when assessing its possible long-term effects of such.</p></sec>