AUTHOR=Zhao Rui , Ling Tianye 

TITLE=Latent profile analysis of university students’ self-management and self-monitoring in the links among motivation, engagement, and wellbeing

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023920

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023920

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>This study drew on Garrison’s self-directed learning model for university students in a self-determination theory framework. We adopted a person-centered approach to explore the different combinations of self-management and self-monitoring. Using a sample of Chinese university students (<italic>N</italic> = 142), we obtained the following data <italic>via</italic> a self-report survey: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, self-management, self-monitoring, academic engagement, and wellbeing. Latent profile analysis (LPA) distinguished three self-management and self-monitoring profiles, which are “very low/low,” “high/high,” and “low/very low.” Profiles with a high level of self-management and self-monitoring were positively connected with adaptive outcomes and linked to autonomous motivation. Implications are outlined for theory and practice.</p>