AUTHOR=Ratchford Juliette L. , Williams Emily G. , Bishara Leanne , Houltberg Benjamin J. , Schnitker Sarah A. 

TITLE=Mindset as Characteristic Adaptations: Using Response Surface Analysis to Assess Mindset in the Personality System

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701510

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701510

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>This study aimed to assess the congruencies and discrepancies between mindset domains in relation to well-being and sought to demonstrate that mindset falls into the characteristic adaptation level of personality. Data (<italic>N</italic> = 618, <italic>M</italic><sub><italic>age</italic></sub> = 16.07, <italic>SD</italic><sub><italic>age</italic></sub> = 0.99) from Wave 1 of a longitudinal study on primarily ethnic-minority adolescents were used in response surface analyses to examine the effects of (in)congruence on well-being. The response surface analyses suggested no overall congruence effect between moral and ability mindsets. However, two-thirds of the participants demonstrated differing levels of mindsets, highlighting the domain specificity of mindsets. Results suggest that mindsets are contextual, domain-specific constructs, suiting the characteristic adaptation level of personality. Congruence for moral and ability mindset does not affect adolescent well-being.</p>