AUTHOR=Amendola Simone , von Wyl Agnes , Volken Thomas , Zysset Annina , Huber Marion , Dratva Julia 

TITLE=A Longitudinal Study on Generalized Anxiety Among University Students During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643171

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643171

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and government measures implemented to counter the spread of the infection may be a major stressor affecting the psychological health of university students. This study aimed to explore how anxiety symptoms changed during the pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>676 students (76% females) at Zurich University of Applied Sciences participated in the first (T0) and second (T1) survey waves. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Scale-7 (GAD-7). Risk and protective factors (e.g., COVID-19-related variables) were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>GAD-7 scores decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (mean change: −0.446, SE = 0.132, 95% CI: −0.706, −0.186, <italic>t</italic> = −3.371, <italic>df</italic> = 659, <italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Participants with moderate-to-severe anxiety score were 20.2 and 15.6% at T0 and T1, respectively. The following positively predicted anxiety: older age, female gender, non-Swiss nationality, loneliness, participants’ concern about their own health, and interaction between time and participants’ concern about their own health. Resilience and social support negatively predicted anxiety.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our findings provide information for public health measures and psychological interventions supporting the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 emergency.</p></sec>