AUTHOR=Schmid Michael J. , Charbonnet Bryan , Conzelmann Achim , Zuber Claudia 

TITLE=More Success With the Optimal Motivational Pattern? A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Young Athletes in Individual Sports

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606272

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606272

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>It is widely recognized that motivation is an important determinant for a successful sports career. Specific patterns of motivational constructs have recently demonstrated promising associations with future success in team sports like football and ice hockey. The present study scrutinizes whether those patterns also exist in individual sports and whether they are able to predict future performance levels. A sample of 155 young individual athletes completed questionnaires assessing achievement goal orientations, achievement motives, and self-determination at t<sub>1</sub>. The person-oriented method linking of clusters after removal of a residue (LICUR) was used to form clusters based on these motivational constructs in order to analyze the relations between these clusters and the performance level 2.5 years later (t<sub>2</sub>). Similar to the studies in team sports, four motivational patterns were observed at t<sub>1</sub>. The <italic>highly intrinsically achievement-oriented athletes</italic> were much more likely to compete internationally [odds ratio (<italic>OR</italic>) = 2.12], compared to the <italic>failure-fearing athletes</italic> (<italic>OR</italic> = 0.29). Although team and individual sports differ in many respects, they nevertheless are characterized by similar and thus generalizable career-promoting motivational profiles: Regardless of the type of sport, the <italic>highly intrinsically achievement-oriented</italic> athletes consistently have the best potential for success.</p>