AUTHOR=Fischer Ronald , Bortolini Tiago , Karl Johannes Alfons , Zilberberg Marcelo , Robinson Kealagh , Rabelo André , Gemal Lucas , Wegerhoff Daniel , Nguyễn Thị Bảo Trâm , Irving Briar , Chrystal Megan , Mattos Paulo 

TITLE=Rapid Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis of Self-Guided Interventions to Address Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During COVID-19 Social Distancing

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563876

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563876

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>We conducted a rapid review and quantitative summary of meta-analyses that have examined interventions which can be used by individuals during quarantine and social distancing to manage anxiety, depression, stress, and subjective well-being. A literature search yielded 34 meta-analyses (total number of studies <italic>k</italic> = 1,390, <italic>n</italic> = 145,744) that were summarized. Overall, self-guided interventions showed small to medium effects in comparison to control groups. In particular, self-guided therapeutic approaches (including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and acceptance-based interventions), selected positive psychology interventions, and multi-component and activity-based interventions (music, physical exercise) showed promising evidence for effectiveness. Overall, self-guided interventions on average did not show the same degree of effectiveness as traditional guided individual or group therapies. There was no consistent evidence of dose effects, baseline differences, and differential effectiveness of eHealth interventions. More research on the effectiveness of interventions in diverse cultural settings is needed.</p>