AUTHOR=Keromnes Gaëlle , Chokron Sylvie , Celume Macarena-Paz , Berthoz Alain , Botbol Michel , Canitano Roberto , Du Boisgueheneuc Foucaud , Jaafari Nemat , Lavenne-Collot Nathalie , Martin Brice , Motillon Tom , Thirioux Bérangère , Scandurra Valeria , Wehrmann Moritz , Ghanizadeh Ahmad , Tordjman Sylvie 

TITLE=Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00719

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00719

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>A historical review of the concepts of self-consciousness is presented, highlighting the important role of the <italic>body</italic> (particularly, body perception but also body action), and the <italic>social other</italic> in the construction of self-consciousness. More precisely, body perception, especially intermodal sensory perception including kinesthetic perception, is involved in the construction of a sense of self allowing self-other differentiation. Furthermore, the <italic>social other</italic>, through very early social and emotional interactions, provides meaning to the infant’s perception and contributes to the development of his/her symbolization capacities. This is a necessary condition for body image representation and awareness of a permanent self in a time-space continuum (invariant over time and space). Self-image recognition impairments in the mirror are also discussed regarding a comprehensive developmental theory of self-consciousness. Then, a neuropsychological and neurophysiological approach to self-consciousness reviews the role of complex brain activation/integration pathways and the mirror neuron system in self-consciousness. Finally, this article offers new perspectives on self-consciousness evaluation using a double mirror paradigm to study self- and other- image and body recognition.</p>