AUTHOR=Lu Shan , Hu Shuqing , Guan Yuhuan , Xiao Jing , Cai Dan , Gao Zhihua , Sang Zhiqin , Wei Jie , Zhang Xiaochi , Margraf Jürgen 

TITLE=Measurement Invariance of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 Across Gender in a Sample of Chinese University Students

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02064

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02064

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<p>The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) has three 7-item subscales (depression, anxiety, and stress). The current study aims assess the gender-based measurement invariance of the DASS-21 questionnaire in a Chinese university student sample from five different cities. The sample was composed of 13208 participants (62.3% female, mean age of 19.7 years, and <italic>SD</italic> age = 1.8). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported full measurement invariance for the three subscales. The findings support the measurement invariance of DASS-21 scores across gender. Future research on the DASS should include additional validation across ethnicities and testing of all versions of the DASS.</p>