Determinants of victimization in patients with severe mental illness: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in the Netherlands

Astrid M. Kamperman ^1* Milan Zarchev ¹ Jens Henrichs ² Sten Willemsen ¹ E M E H Lesaffre ³ W E Swildens ⁴ Y Nijssen ⁵ Hans Kroon ⁶ D J F Van Schaik ⁷ Mark Van Der Gaag ⁸ P A E G Delespaul ⁹ J Van Weeghel ⁶ D Van De Mheen ⁶ S Bogaerts ⁶ Cornelis Lambert Mulder ¹

• ¹ Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
• ² Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
• ³ KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
• ⁴ Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
• ⁵ Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
• ⁶ Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
• ⁷ Public Health Department, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Netherlands
• ⁸ VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Netherlands
• ⁹ Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands

ObjectiveAim -We aimed Tto examine determinants of the prevalence and frequency of criminal victimization (i.e. both personal and property crime victimization) in outpatients with severe mental illness.-Data was collected using a multisite epidemiological survey including a random sample of 956 adult outpatients with SMI. Data were collected between 2010 and 2012. Data on 12-month victimization prevalence and frequency were obtained using the victimization scale of the Dutch Crime and Victimization Survey. Demographic characteristics, clinical determinants e.g Demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, psychosocial functioning, drug use and alcohol abuse over the past 12 months, co-morbid PTSD diagnosis, and victimological determinants e.g. physical abuse, physical neglect and sexual abuse in childhood, perpetration of violence over the past 12-months, and anger disposition were assessed as determinants. Univariable and multivariable hurdle regression analyses were conducted to test associations of the potential determinants with victimization prevalence and frequency.Results --Twelve-month prevalence rates of personal and property crime were 19% and 28%, respectively. In total 612, incidents of personal and 447 incidents of property crime were reported. We found that different sets of demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with personal and property crime victimization . Clinical characteristics were more pronounced regarding personal crime victimization. In the multivariable model, presence of psychotic disorder, drug use, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and recent violent perpetration were associated with the 12-month prevalence or frequency rate of personal crime victimization. Native Dutch and divorced patients were more at risk as well. Next to this being employed, poor social functioning, having perpetrated a violent crime, as well as alcohol abuse and recent drug use were all significantly related to property crime prevalence or frequency rate